A vulnerability assessment involves systematically identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing security weaknesses in systems, networks, or applications. Start by defining the scope and gathering information on the assets you’ll assess, such as software, hardware, or networks. Use automated tools to scan for known vulnerabilities, then analyze and prioritize them based on severity. Manually validate critical vulnerabilities through further testing and create a remediation plan to address risks, such as applying patches or reconfigurations. Finally, document the findings and maintain continuous monitoring to detect and manage new vulnerabilities.